Configure a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) with an Internet Gateway and subnets on AWS

Step 1: Select/Create VPC

1. Navigate to VPC Dashboard**:

   - Go to the AWS Management Console.

   - Open the VPC Dashboard.

2. Create a VPC**:

   - Click on "Create VPC".

   - **Name**: Give your VPC a name.

   - **IPv4 CIDR Block**: Enter `10.0.0.0/16` (provides 65,536 IP addresses).

Step 2: Create an Internet Gateway (IGW)

1. Create IGW**:

   - In the VPC Dashboard, go to "Internet Gateways".

   - Click on "Create Internet Gateway".

   - **Name**: Provide a name for the IGW.

   - Once created, it will be in a detached state.

2. Attach IGW to VPC**:

   - Select the newly created IGW.

   - Click on "Actions" and then "Attach to VPC".

   - Choose the VPC you created in Step 1.

Step 3: Create Subnets

1. Create Subnet:

   - In the VPC Dashboard, go to "Subnets".

   - Click on "Create Subnet".

   - **Name**: Provide a name for the subnet.

   - **VPC**: Select the VPC created in Step 1.

   - **Availability Zone**: Select an availability zone.

   - **IPv4 CIDR Block**: Enter `10.0.1.0/24` (provides 256 IP addresses).

2. Create Additional Subnets**:

   - Repeat the steps to create additional subnets as needed, using different CIDR blocks (e.g., `10.0.2.0/24`, `10.0.3.0/24`, etc.).

Step 4: Create a Route Table

1. Create Route Table**:

   - In the VPC Dashboard, go to "Route Tables".

   - Click on "Create Route Table".

   - **Name**: Provide a name for the route table.

   - **VPC**: Select the VPC created in Step 1.

2. Edit Routes**:

   - Select the newly created route table.

   - Go to the "Routes" tab and click on "Edit routes".

   - Add a new route:

     - **Destination**: `0.0.0.0/0`

     - **Target**: Select the Internet Gateway created in Step 2.

3. Edit Subnet Associations**:

   - Go to the "Subnet Associations" tab.

   - Click on "Edit subnet associations".

   - Select the subnets you want to associate with this route table.

Final Step: Verify Configuration

- Ensure that the IGW is attached to the VPC.

- Confirm that the subnets are associated with the route table.

- Verify the routes to ensure that `0.0.0.0/0` is correctly routed to the IGW.

You're done! Your VPC is now configured with an Internet Gateway and subnets, ready to use.

SQOOP

SQOOP

====
to see the sqoop current working version

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------

echo $SQOOP_HOME
/home/gopalkrishna/INSTALL/sqoop-1.4.6.bin__hadoop-2.0.4-alpha

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------

to see the all commands available in sqoop 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------
$sqoop help ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------

SQOOP COMMANDS 

--------------

TO CHECK MYSQL “DATABASES” , “TABLES” & “TABLES DATA” not be performed(action) to get the results from rdbms

to see the all databases available in given rdbms

---in this case mapper will

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
sqoop list-databases --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306 --username root -password root

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------

to see the availavle tables in the given database

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sqoop list-tables --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

eval 

----

it is Evaluate given SQL statement if given sql stmt is currect then display the results on console

advantage of eval 

------------------

by using eval command u can see the what type of data u going to import from rdbms table to hdfs

eval + --query 

--------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------
sqoop eval --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root -password root --query 'select *from emp limit 3'

sqoop eval --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/gopaldb --username root --password root --query "select * from emp where esal > 25000"
sqoop eval --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root -password root --query 'show databases'

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------

we can perform any dml operaion through the sqoop commands

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------
sqoop eval --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root -password root --query 'delete from emp where empno=1';

sqoop eval --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root -password root --query 'update emp set ename='nag' where ename='nag';
sqoop eval --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root -password root --query 'insert into emp values('nag');

sqoop eval --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root -password root --query 'drop table emp'

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------

--OPTION-FILE 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------

it is the concept of writing group of sqoop commandes in file and save that file with some name and run that file through command propmt

by using options file we can hide some information
it is used for reusabilty
--option-file path should be local directory. Don't use HDFS directory.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------
U HAVE TO CREATE OPTION FILE THIS MANNER ONLY OTHERWISE GET ERROR

filename:connection.details

 --------------------------
import
--connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username

root
--password
root
--table
emp
--target-dir
/op5 

-------------------------------------------------

sqoop --options-file /home/gopalkrishna/connection.details

 -----------------------------------------------------------------
to hide the username and pass word in options file

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

-------------
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --options-file

 /home/gopalkrishna/mahi/connection.details --table emp1 --target-dir /op3 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------

SQOOP IMPORT
-----------
to import data from rdbs to hdfs path

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --table emp --target-dir /ok1

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------

note:in sqoop default parallel mappers are 4 then table data will be stored in hdfs as 4 mappers _SUCCESS
part-m-00000
part-m-00001

part-m-00002
part-m-00003( in this part-m files table data will be stored in hdfs as random manner) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------

if we want to store all rdbms data into the single mapper in hdfs path

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --table emp --target-dir /ok2 -m 1(--num-mappers) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------

when we importing rdbms table doesnt have primary key there is problem beacuse there is no random access in between mappers then we get error to over come this problem then we need to set number of mappers as 1

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

------------
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --table emp1 --target-dir /ok4

during import: No primary key could be found for table emp1. Please specify one with --split-by or perform a sequential import with '-m 1'.
NOTE(here emp1 table dont have primary key because of that there is no random access in between default 4 mappers in this case u should use

--split-by or decrease the reducers as 1) 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --table emp1 --target-dir /ok4 -m 1

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------

sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --table emp --target-dir /ok8 /ok9
error because we cant store data into 2 hdfs paths at time 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------

--fields-terminated-by

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
note sqoop by default writes the data into hdfs as semicolon then we can overwrite that delimiter by using --fields-terminated-by 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --table emp --target-dir /mahi2 --fields-terminated-by '\t'

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------

WHERE 

------

based on the condition if we want import particular recordes from rdbs table hdfs path then we can use where

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------

sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --table emp --target-dir /mahi7 --fields-terminated-by '\t' --where 'sal>700'
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --table emp --target-dir /mahi9 --fields-terminated-by '\t' --where "sal>700 and deptno=30"

(NOTE QUOTES CAN BE SINGLE OR DOUBLE)

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------

COLUMNS

 -------

to import particular columns data from source rdbms table into target hdfs path

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --table emp --target-dir /nag9 --fields-terminated-by '\t'

--where "sal>700 and deptno=30" --columns ename,deptno 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------

APPLAYING MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSIONS ON THE COLUMNS

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------

commandes required 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------

--QUERY 'SELECT STATMENT 'where$CONDITIONS ALONG WITH -M 1 NOTE(IN THIS CASE U SHOLUD NOT USE --TABLE OPTION)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root -password root --query 'select empno,sal+100 from emp where$CONDITIONS' -m 1 --target-dir /az 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------

sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root -password root --query 'select empno,sal+100 from emp
where sal>600 and deptno=30 and $CONDITIONS' -m 1 --columns empno --target-dir /az6 --fields-terminated-by '\t'

sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root -password root --query 'select empno,sal+100 from emp
where sal>600 and deptno=30 or $CONDITIONS' -m 1 --columns empno --target-dir /az7 --fields-terminated-by '\t'

note(instead of AND WHEN U KEEPING OR INFRONT OF $CONDITION THEN IT WILL NOT CHECK AND CONDITION IT WILL DISPALY ALL RECORDES WHAT RECORDES ARE EXICUTED BY SELECT STATMENT)

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------

SET OPERATORS

 ---------------

UNION --IT IS USED TO ELIMINATING DUPLICATE ROWS FROM GIVEN TABLES IN SELECT STATMENTS
UNION ALL --IT WILL NOT ELIMINATE DUPLICATE ROWS FROM GIVEN TABLES IN

SELECT STATEMENTS

UNION
-----

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --query 'select * from emp where$CONDITIONS
union select * from emp1 where$CONDITIONS' --target-dir /az8 -m 1 --fields-terminated-by '\t'

sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --query 'select * from emp where $CONDITIONS
union select * from emp1 where $CONDITIONS' --target-dir /bz -m 1 --fields-terminated-by '\t' --columns empno 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------

UNION ALL
---------
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --query 'select * from emp where $CONDITIONS
union all select * from emp1 where $CONDITIONS' --target-dir /az9 -m 1 --fields-terminated-by '\t'

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------
JOINS
-------

JOINS ARE USED TO RETRIVE DATA FROM MULTIPULE TABLES BASED ON THE COMMON COLUMN NAME WITH SAME DATA TYPE

EQUI JOIN--INNNER JOIN LEFT OUTER JOIN RIGHT OUTER JOIN

EQUI JOIN--INNNER JOIN

----------------------- 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 --------------
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --query 'select * from emp e join emp1 d on(e.empno=d.empno) and $CONDITIONS' --m 1 --target-dir /j

ERROR tool.ImportTool: Imported Failed: Duplicate Column identifier specified: 'empno' sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --query

'select e.empno,d.deptno from emp e join emp1 d on(e.empno=d.empno) where $CONDITIONS' --m 1 --target-dir /j4

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

---------------

join more then two tables
--------------------------- 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

--------------
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --query 'select e.empno,d.deptno,f.ename from emp e join emp1 d

on(e.empno=d.empno) join emp3 f on(e.empno=f.empno) where $CONDITIONS' -m 1 --target-dir /j5 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

---------------

LEFT OUTER JOIN
------------------ 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

--------------
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --query 'select e.empno,d.deptno,f.ename from emp e left outer join emp1 d

on(e.empno=d.empno) left outer join emp3 f on(e.empno=f.empno) where $CONDITIONS' --m 1 --target-dir /j6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

----------------

RIGHT OUTER JOIN
------------------

 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ---------------
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --query 'select e.empno,d.deptno,f.ename from emp e right outer join emp1 d

on(e.empno=d.empno) right outer join emp3 f on(e.empno=f.empno) where $CONDITIONS' --m 1 --target-dir /j6 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------

GROUP BY
---------

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

---------------

sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --query 'select deptno,sum(sal)from emp where $CONDITIONS group by deptno' --m 1 --target-dir /j8 note:in this case you should use group by class after $conditions otherwise it will give error 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ----------------

SELECT STATMENT IN DOUBLE QUOTES
--------------------------------
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --query "select * from emp where \$CONDITIONS" -m 1 --target-dir /j9
note:in this we should use backslash(\)in front of $CONDITIONS otherwise it will give an error)

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

---------------

APPEND

 -------

Append data to an existing directory in HDFS no need to create new dir

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ---------------
sqoop import --connnect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --table emp --target-dir /k --append ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------

IMPORT ALL TABLES FROM RDBMS TO HDFS PAT

IMPORT-ALL-TABLES 

-----------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

---------------
sqoop import-all-tables --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root -m 1

here u should mension -m1 and also u should not use --target-dir keyword here because all tables will not store one single hdfs direcory

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

----------------

IMPORT-ALL-TABLES WITH --EXCLUDE-TABLES IN HDFS OR HIVE PATH 

------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ---------------
sqoop import-all-tables --exclude-tables emp,emp1,emp3,avg --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root -password root -m 1 --targer-dir /et

note:it is giveing error because all tables data will not be stored in specific hdfs path sqoop import-all-tables --exclude-tables emp,emp1,emp3,avg --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root -password root -m 1
Skipping table: emp

Skipping table: emp1
Skipping table: emp3 ---reaming tables will be stored in the root use directory 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

---------------

TO HIVE PATH 

-------------

in this case source, RDBMS table will store in specified hive-warehouse dir path but we cant select imported table in hive prompt

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/abc --username root --password root --table emp --warehouse-dir /user/hive/warehouse

sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/abc --username root --password root --table emp --warehouse-dir /user/hive/warehouse/nag.db 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

------

--hive-import
--------------
in this we need not mension hive warehouse-dir automatical import rdbms table will store in default hivewarehouse path
and we can select the imported table in hive prompt

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ----------------
sqoop import --hive-import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/abc --username root --password root --table emp2 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

----------------

--hive-import --hive-database

------------------------------

in this case source rdbms table will be stored specifed hive data base with schema as rdbms source table

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

----------------
sqoop import --hive-import --hive-database nag --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root -password root --table emp -m 1

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------

import-all-tables

 -------------------

it is used to import all tables from rdbms to hivewarehouth path but rdbms source tables schema will not be capied in hive prompt

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ---------------
sqoop import-all-tables --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/abc --username root --password root --warehouse-dir user/hive/warehouse 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 --------------

import-all-tables --hive-import --hive-database -------------------------------------------------

in this case rdbms source tables will be stored in specified hive data base with all data with schema as name as source rdbms table schema

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ---------------
sqoop import-all-tables --hive-import --hive-database perfect --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root -password root -m 1

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

---------------

import-all-tables --exclude-tables
------------------------------------ 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
sqoop import-all-tables --exclude-tables emp,emp1,emp3,avg,r,o --connect

jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root -password root --warehouse-dir /user/hive/warehouse/oops.db

sqoop import-all-tables --hive-import --hive-datebase nag --exclude-tables emp,emp1,emp3,avg,r,o --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root -password root 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ---------------

--boundary-query 

----------------

for example theire is one source rdbms table which having r like from 1 to 1 lahk recordes when we dont want import all recoreds from source rdbms table to
hdfs path.if we want to import specified range of recordes from source rdbms table to hive path then we can use --boundary-query option because

in this option we can specify imported recoreds range like where needs to start import and where needs to import end then those recores only import from source
rdbms table to specified hdfs path

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ------------------------------------------
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root -password root --table emp --boundary-query 'select 3,6 from emp'

--target-dir /manju7
NOTE:if u want to use --boundary-query exported table should be primary key and also u should mension in select statments primary key values only
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root -password root --table emp --boundary-query 'select 3,6 from emp3'
--target-dir /manju7 -m 1
here emp3 table not having primary key then u have mension -m 1 and also that colum contain any duplicat values it egnore duplicates it works like union in sql) 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

------------------------------------------

--split-by 

-----------

--split-by is used to specify the column of the source rdbms table is used to generate splits for imports. it menans which column will be used to create the split while importing the data from source rdbms tables into your cluster.

Apache Sqoop will create splits based on the values present in the columns specified in the –split-by clause of the import command. If the –split-by clause is not specified, then the primary key of the table is used to create the splits while data import.

mysql> select * from emp2

; +----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+

|10|aa |

 |20|bb |

 |30|cc |

 |40|dd |

 |50|ee |

 |50|ee | 

+----+------+

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

--
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/abc --username root --password root --table emp2 --split-by id --target-dir /spli

duplicate recoreds also will be stored in default on of mapper

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

---

sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/abc --username root --password root --table emp2 --split-by id -m 5 --target-dir /spli

data will be stored in five mappers

mysql> select * from nul; 

+------+-------+
| sno | ename | 

+------+-------+ 

|NULL|abc | 

|NULL|c |

 | 1 | c |

| 2 | c |

 | 3 | c |

 | 3 | c |

 | 4 | c |

 +------+-------+

sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/abc --username root --password root --table nul --split-by sno --target-dir /nagu1

note inthis case null recoreds will not store into hdfs path TO INSERT NULL RECORDES ALSO

sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/abc --username root --password root --query 'select ifnull(sno,1),ename from nul where $CONDITIONS' --split-by sno -m 1 --target-dir /ok1

WHAT IS DIFFERENCE BETWEEN --WAREHOUSE-DIR AND --TARGET-DIR 

-------------------------------------------------------------

if you are importing more than one tables then you need to specify the warehouse-dir not target-dir ,
BUT IF U WANT TO IMPORT SINGLE TABLE THEN --TARGET-DIR IS ENOUGH

IMPORTING THE DATA FROM RDBMS TO HDFS IN DIFFERENT FORMS

 --------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -------------------------------------
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root -password root --table emp --as-textfile --target-dir

=============
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root -password root --table emp

--as-sequencefile --target-dir /rani

=================
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root -password root --table emp

--as-avrodatafile --target-dir /rani
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root -password root --table emp --as-parquetfile --target-dir /rani 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------S

IMPORTING THE DATA WITH “COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES”

 -----------------------------------------------

it will reduce the file size and also it speedup data transfer across the network By default, when using the --compress parameter, output files

will be compressed using the GZip codec, and all files will end up with a .gz extension You can choose any other codec using the --compression-codec parameter. The fol- lowing example uses the BZip2 codec instead of GZip (files on HDFS will end up having the .bz2 extension):

--compression-codec GzipCodec

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ---------------------------------------
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --table emp3 --split-by empno -m 1 --target-dir /ab

--compress
or
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --table emp3 --split-by empno -m 1 --target-dir /ab11 --compression-codec GzipCodec
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --table emp3 --split-by empno -m 1 --target-dir /ao1 --compression-codec org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.GzipCodec

part-m-00000.gz --extension 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -----------------------------------------

--compression-codec BZip2Codec

 ----------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ----------------------------------------
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --table emp3nag --username root --password root --table emp3 --split-by empno -m 1 --target-dir /ao --compression-codec org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.BZip2Codec part-m-00000.bz2-extension 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -----------------------------------------

--compression-codec SnappyCodecc 

-------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

-----------------------------------------
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --table emp3 --split-by empno -m 1 --target-dir /ab11 --compression-codec SnappyCodec

sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --table emp3 --split-by empno -m 1 --target-dir /ab6 --compression-codec org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.SnappyCodec
Table 2-2. Compression codecs

Splittable --Not Splittable
BZip2, LZO-- GZip, Snappy 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ------------------------------------------

--delete-target-dir 

------------------

delete the target directory if already available in hdfs path

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

------------------------------------------
sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/abc --username root --password root --table emp --target-dir /dou--delete-target-dir 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ------------------------------------------

SQOOP-JOB

 -----------

It specifies parameters to identify and recall the saved job.

Sqoop metastore that allows you to save all sqoop parameters for later reuse AND easily run them anytime

TO CREATE JOB 

-------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ----------------------
sqoop job --create nag -- import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --table emp --target-dir /aaa2 --APPEND

NOTE: -- IMPORT (U HAVE TO MAINTAIN GAP)

 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ----------------------

TO SEE THE LIST OF JOBS

 -----------------------

sqoop job --list;

 -----------------------

To See the Details about a Job 

--------------------------------

------------------------------- 

sqoop job --show nag 

-----------------------------

To Execute a Job (after it will ask password for execution) 

-----------------

------------------------------

 sqoop job --exec gopaljob; 

-------------------------------

To Delete a Job

 --------------------------------

-------------------------------- 

Sqoop job --delete gopaljob 

---------------------------------

to edit sqoop job 

-----------------

steps
---
ls -a
cd .sqoop
nano metastore.db.script
in this file, we can modify min insert or max insert value

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

-----------------------------------------

what is the difference between append and incremental append

 ---------------------------------------------------------------

incremental append 

--------------------

-----------------------

it is used to import only newly inserted records than some previously imported set of records to hdfs

append
---------
Append command used to append records old the old directory, there is no need to over right or create a new directory it will be appended to the old directory

That is why incremental append asks for a parameter (last-modified or append). Choosing last-modified would add only updated records and choosing append would add all
newly added records

INCREMENTAL MODE

 -----------------

incremental append 

------------------

it is used to import only newly inserted records than some previously imported set of records to hdfs

--check-column
-------------
the check-column argument specifies which column needs to be checked during the import operation. The column can not be *CHAR types, like VARCHAR2 or CHAR.

sqoop job --create job1 -- import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --table st --target-dir /job1 --incremental append --check-column empno --last-value 0
------

sqoop job --exec job1
now job1 path having six rec mysql> select * from st; 

+-------+---------+---------------------+
| empno | ename | hdate | 

+-------+---------+---------------------+

• |  1 | nag | 2018-02-12 01:13:06 |

• |  2 | mahesh | 2018-02-12 03:20:02 |

• |  3 | malli | 2018-02-12 01:13:25 |

• |  4 | eswar | 2018-02-12 03:56:34 |

• |  5 | konda | 2018-02-12 03:55:52 |

• |  6 | kasturi | 2018-02-12 04:21:45 | 

  +-------+---------+---------------------+
  after insert one rec into rdbms table
  insert into st(ename,empno)values(7,'nagendra') 

  insert into st(ename,empno)values(8,'sai') 

  ----------------------------------------

  I want to without insert previously inserted rec only insert newly insert records into /job1 path; sqoop job --exec job1

  now job1 path having 8 rec
  because only new inserted records inserted into /job1 path

  gopalkrishna@ubuntu:~$ sqoop job --create kondaa -- import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/abc --username root --password root --table ip --target-dir /great --incremental append --check-column ename --last-value 'uma'

  the job will be created but will get a runtime error

  18/03/31 21:30:14 ERROR tool.ImportTool: Error during import: Character column (ename) can not be used to determine which rows to incrementally import.

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
  IT WILL IMPORT ONLY NEWLY INSERTED RECOREDS BUT IT WILL NOT IMPORT NEWLY UPDATED RECOREDS 

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------

  incremental lastmodified 

  ------------------------

  “lastmodified,” works on time-stamped data.
  use this when rows of the source table may be updated

  mysql> select * from ip; 

  +------+---------+---------------------+
  | emmo | ename | hdate | 

  +------+---------+---------------------+

• |  1 | uma | 2018-03-31 21:18:54 | 

• |  2 | naga | 2018-03-31 20:58:29 | 

• |  3 | konda | 2018-03-31 20:58:41 |

• |  4 | malli | 2018-03-31 21:09:45|

• |  5 | kasturi | 2018-03-31 21:09:13 |

• |  7 | hema | 2018-03-31 21:19:48 | 

  +------+---------+----------------------

  0. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------
     gopalkrishna@ubuntu:~$ sqoop job --create rani -- import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/abc --username root --password root --table ip --append --incremental lastmodified --check-column hdate --last-value '2018-03-31 21:18:54' --target-dir /sex

      ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------

     gopalkrishna@ubuntu:~$ sqoop job --exec rani

     THEN ABOVE RECOREDS WILL BE STORED IN DEAULT 4 MAPPER

      -----------------------------------------------------

     LATER SOME CHANGES HAPPENDED IN SOURCE RDBMS TABLE

      ---------------------------------------------------

     mysql> update ip set ename='mahi' where ename='uma'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
     Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0

     mysql> insert into ip(emmo,ename)values(6,'varma'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

     sqoop job --exec rani

     OLD RECORED,UPDATED RECORED,NEWLY INSERTED RECORED ALL AVILABLE IN PART-M FILES 

     -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

      -----------------------------------------

     BUT OLD DATA SHOULD NOT AVAILABLE THEN UPDATED RECOREDS AND NEWLY INSERTED RECORDES SHOULD BE AVAILBLE(EVEN SOURCE TABLE DOENT HAVE TIMESTAMP COLUMN)

     mysql> select * from st;

      +-------+--------+---------------------+
     | empno | ename | hdate |

      +-------+--------+---------------------+

  | 1 | nag | 2018-02-12 01:13:06 |

  • |  2 | mahesh | 2018-02-12 03:20:02 |

  • |  3 | malli | 2018-02-12 01:13:25 |

  • |  4 | ewar | 2018-02-12 03:19:13 |

     +-------+--------+---------------------+

     import above table to hdfs path 

    ------------------------------

    sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --table st --target-dir /s0

    LATER SOME RECORDES UPDATED AND SOME RECORDES UPDATED IN SOURCE RDBMS TABLE THOSE MODIFICATION NEEDS RO UPDATED IN HDFS PATH ----------------------------------------------------

    insert into st(empno,ename)values(5,konda);
    mysql> insert into st(empno,ename)values(5,'konda'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

    mysql> update st set ename='eswar' where empno=4; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
    Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warning: 0

    0. mysql> select * from st; 

       +-------+--------+---------------------+
       | empno | ename | hdate |

        +-------+--------+---------------------+

       |  1 | nag | 2018-02-12 01:13:06 |

       |  2 | mahesh | 2018-02-12 03:20:02 |

       |  3 | malli | 2018-02-12 01:13:25 |

       |  4 | eswar | 2018-02-12 03:56:34 |

       |  5 | konda | 2018-02-12 03:55:52 |

       +-------+--------+---------------------+

       5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

       ---------------------------------

       note: this modifications should be effected in privious hdfs path

        -----------------------------------------------------------------

       sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root table st --target-dir /s00

        -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

       u should merge aboue two hdfs path

       ------------------------------------

       sqoop merge --merge-key empno --new-data /s00 --onto /s0 --target-dir /s000 ---class-name st(source table name) --jar-file //tmp/sqoop-gopalkrishna/compile/d704615d8031b4b72beb487318771bc3/st.jar(/soo jar file)

       then u get /s000 path we will get modified re,and new inserted reds
       here leftouter join applied in both /s00 and /so path
       and give result in one part-m file

        -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

        ----------------------------------------

       -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

        ----------------

       to-handle the null values in hdfs path

       -----------------------------------------

        mysql> select * from nul;

       +-------+------+-------+
       | empno | comm | ename | 

       +-------+------+-------+
       | 2| 3|NULL|
       | 3|NULL|mahi |
       | 5|NULL|malli| 

       +-------+------+-------+

       --null-string and --null-non-string

       sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --table nul --target-dir /n0 --null-non-string 0 --null-string 'no user' --lines-terminated-by ':' -m 1

       while importing table instead of null values by insert user defined values in hdfs or hive path 2,3,no user:3,0,mahi:5,0,malli:

       --null-string -any string and data column null replace by udv
       --null-non-string --any numaric column null replaced by udv

        ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

       ----------------------------------------

       direct

       ======
       You can improve the performance by giving --direct option in sqoop

       --direct is only supported in mysql and postgresql.

       Sqoop’s direct mode does not support imports of BLOB, CLOB, or LONGVARBINARY columns.

       sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --table emp3 --target-dir /anju6 -m 1 --direct

       https://sqoop.apache.org/docs/1.4.2/SqoopUserGuide.html https://www.tutorialspoint.com/sqoop/sqoop_job.htm

       EXPORT

       ========

        FROM HDFS PATH TO RBMS TABLE

       ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

       -------------
       sqoop export --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --table emp4 --export-dir /anju8

       sqoop export --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --table emp4 --export-dir /anju8/part-m-00000--possible
       (--TABLE EMP4 SHOULD BE IN RDMS WITH REQUIRED SCEHEMA)
       sqoop export --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --table emp4 --export-dir /anju8/part-m-00000

       those recordes will be appended to the target rdbms table
       qoop export --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/nag --username root --password root --table emp4 --export-dir /anju8/part-m-00000 --fields-terminated-by '\t'

       ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

       ---------------

       UPDATE-KEY

        ----------

       NOTE UPDATE-KEY COLUMN SHOULD BE PRIMARY AND UNIQUE CONSTRAINTS 

       ---------------------------------------------------------------

       INSERT mode – This is default mode to export. If you don’t specify anything in Sqoop export command this will be picked up by default. This mode is useful when you only inject the records into the table.

       UPDATE mode – In “update mode,” Sqoop generates UPDATE statements that replace existing records in the database. Legal values for mode include `updateonly` (default) and `allowinsert`.

       But, when I need to update already existing records I have to use --update-key

       SECANARIO 

       ----------

       ALREADY DATA AVAILABLE IN RDBMS TARGET TABLE

       mysql> select * from emp1; 

       +----+------+
       | id | name |
       +----+------+

       |10 | a  |
       |20 | bb  |
       +----+------+
       2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

       NOTE IN HDFS EXPORT DIR PATH SOME RECORDES ARE UPDATED AND SOME RECOREDS ARE INSERTED THOSE MPDIFICATION SHOULD BE MODIFIED IN SOURCE RDBMS
       TABLE

       cat kl
       10,abc
       20,bb
       30,c
       40,nag
       gopalkrishna@ubuntu:~$ hadoop fs -mkdir /aim

        gopalkrishna@ubuntu:~$ hadoop fs -put kl /aim

       sqoop export --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/abc --username root --password root --table emp1 \
       --export-dir /kl/kl --update-key id --update-mode allowinsert --verbose

       AFTER RAN THE SQOOP JOB

       mysql> select * from emp1; 

       +----+------+
       | id | name |
       +----+------+

       |10 | abc |

       |20 | bb |

        | 30  | c  |

        | 40 | nag |

       important interview question

        ===================================

       Data types conversion issue:- will have to be very careful when we import the data from RDBMS to hadoop system, you will notice default conversion happening and are not suitable to the business need . we can use map-column-java/ map-column-hive function to handle this issue.

       ex

        ====

       mysql> select * from e;

        +------+------+
        | id | name |

        +------+------+

       | 10 | aaa |
       | 20 | bbb |
       | 30 | ccc |
       | 40 | ddd | 

       +------+------+
       4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

       mysql> desc e; 

       +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
       | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

        +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

        |id |varchar(10)|YES | |NULL | 

       | |name |varchar(10)|YES | |NULL | 

       | +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
       2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

       gopalkrishna@ubuntu:~$ sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/abc --table e --username root --password root --map-column-hive id=int --hive-import --create-hive-table --hive-database prudhvi -m 1

       hive> select * from e; OK
       10 aaa
       20 bbb

       30 ccc
       40 ddd
       Time taken: 0.756 seconds, Fetched: 4 row(s) hive> desc e;
       OK
       id int
       name
       Time taken: 0.144 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)

       Important 

       --------------

       sqoop import \
       --connect jdbc:mysql://ms.itversity.com:3306/retail_db \ --username retail_user \
       --password itversity \
       --table orders \
       --warehouse-dir /user/dgadiraju/sqoop_import/retail_db \ --split-by order_status

       (order_status it is not a primary key column). so we get error. we can resolve this problem in below command

       sqoop import \ -Dorg.apache.sqoop.splitter.allow_text_splitter=true \ --connect jdbc:mysql://ms.itversity.com:3306/retail_db \ --username retail_user \
       --password itversity \
       --table orders \
       --warehouse-dir /user/dgadiraju/sqoop_import/retail_db \ --split-by order_status

       (order_status it is not a primary key column but we can use -Dorg ... property , we won't get any error)

       string

       -> -Dorg.apache.sqoop.splitter.allow_text_splitter=true
       This property may use on --split-by <column name> (non-numeric columns in those it allows duplicate values) . so we can resolve this problem we may use that property. we don't get error.

       -> If you use --split-by <column name> (numeric columns which as primary key column) we can follow these restrictions, we don't wan to use above property.

       ->If the primary key column or the column specified in split-by clause is non numeric type, then we need to use this additional argument
       -Dorg.apache.sqoop.splitter.allow_text_splitter=true

       --autoreset-to-one-mapper 

       ==================================

       Import should use one mapper if a table has no primary key and no split-by column is provided. cannot be used with --Split-by <col> option is
       (--autoreset-to-one-mapper)

       -> If a table does not have a primary key defined and the --split-by <col> is not provided, then import will fail unless the number of mappers is explicitly set to one with the --num-mappers 1 option or the --autoreset-to-one-mapper option is used. The option --autoreset-to-one-mapper is typically used with the import-all-tables tool to automatically handle tables without a primary key in a schema.

       sqoop import \
       --connect jdbc:mysql://ms.itversity.com:3306/retail_db \ --username retail_user \
       --password itversity \
       --table order_items_nopk \
       --warehouse-dir /user/dgadiraju/sqoop_import/retail_db \ --autoreset-to-one-mapper

       static partition using sqoop with hive warehouse ( we can't create dynamic partition using sqoop) ======================================================================== ================================

       sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/abc --username root --password root --hive-import --query "select id,sal from uemp where name = 'ccc' and \$CONDITIONS" --hive-partition-key name --hive-partition-value 'ccc' --split-by id --target-dir /aapp --hive-table VP1 --hive-database prudhvi -m 1